Be alert! 20% of stroke patients in China are younger than 45 years old, and these behaviors should be avoided.
Stroke (stroke) is a major disease that threatens national health, which can lead to paralysis of limbs, language disorder, cognitive disorder and depression, etc. It has the characteristics of high incidence, high recurrence rate, high disability rate and high mortality rate. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, one person in the world dies of stroke every six seconds or is permanently disabled by stroke. In recent years, the incidence of stroke in China has shown an upward trend, and about three-quarters of patients have lost their ability to work or can’t take care of themselves to varying degrees, which has caused a heavy burden to families and society.
After entering the winter, enter the season of high incidence of stroke. Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminds the public that the prevention of stroke should start with changing bad living habits. At the same time, high-risk behaviors that induce stroke should be avoided in daily life.
Phenomenon: Bad living habits lead to younger stroke.
Recently, 32-year-old Xiao Zhang drank a few glasses of white wine at a company dinner. When he got home, he planned to take a hot bath and go to bed immediately. When taking a bath, instead of sober up, Xiao Zhang became more and more groggy, and the blood vessels on his forehead were pounding, and then he fell into the bathroom. After hearing the sound, the family found that Xiao Zhang had lost consciousness and immediately called 120 emergency number. In the hospital, Xiao Zhang was diagnosed with a stroke, and his symptoms gradually eased after rescue.
Jinsong Hu, chief and deputy chief physician of the Department of Chronic Diseases and Mental Health of Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that stroke, commonly known as stroke, is mainly divided into ischemic stroke (cerebral infarction) and hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage), of which ischemic stroke accounts for more than 85%. Many people think that stroke is a disease that only the elderly get. In fact, the incidence of stroke is regardless of age. Epidemiological survey shows that the average age of stroke in China is 66 years old, and 20% of the patients are younger than 45 years old.
"Xiao Zhang takes a bath shortly after drinking alcohol, which is the direct cause of his stroke." Jinsong Hu analysis, alcohol can directly act on the cerebral vascular smooth muscle, causing vasospasm, and can also lead to poor cerebral blood flow regulation and arrhythmia, all of which can increase the probability of stroke. When taking a hot bath, the human body sweats, and the alcohol concentration in the blood is relatively high. In addition, hot water can promote blood circulation, vasodilation and pulse beat faster, which can cause blood pressure to drop and blood viscosity to increase, making it difficult for the body to adapt, and it is also easy to cause heart disease or stroke. Do not take a bath immediately after drunkenness, drink plenty of water, sleep after proper rest, and take a bath after the alcohol concentration in the blood decreases the next day.
During hospitalization, the doctor found that Xiao Zhang’s systolic blood pressure was measured around 140 mm Hg for many times, which has reached the diagnostic standard of hypertension, and the indexes such as blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are all on the high side. The doctor learned that Xiao Zhang has a long-term work pressure, is nervous and anxious, and usually has no habit of exercising. Three meals a day are mainly fast food or take-away lunch boxes with high salt, high oil and high sugar, which will cause him to be obviously overweight in the long run.
Jinsong Hu introduced that at present, chronic diseases closely related to the onset of stroke in China, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia, are becoming younger. Young people’s unhealthy lifestyles, such as heavy work pressure, unhealthy diet, long-term sitting, smoking and drinking, are the main reasons for the younger onset of stroke.
See a doctor: the treatment effect of "three mornings" is good.
Recently, 76-year-old Wang Dad suddenly felt dizzy and numb in his right hand during morning exercise in the park, and then his right leg couldn’t work at all. He took out his mobile phone and asked his family for help, only to find that his mouth was crooked and his words were unclear. Passing morning exercisers found Wang Dad’s abnormality in time and immediately called 120 emergency number to take him to the hospital.
Because he was sent to the hospital in time, he received intravenous thrombolysis through the green channel of stroke within two hours of onset. Wang Dad’s symptoms of numbness and slurred speech were obviously improved, and no complications were left when he was discharged.
Wang Dad has a history of hypertension for many years and was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes six months ago. The doctor told him to "keep his mouth shut and open his legs". Wang Dad, who is overweight, has a particularly good appetite. He not only tastes delicious at the dinner table, but also has no resistance to high-sugar and high-fat snacks such as peanut candy and shortbread. He thinks it is really difficult to "keep your mouth shut" and decides to work hard on "opening your legs". So, in the past six months, Wang Dad went out to exercise at dawn every day, regardless of the heat and winter.
After winter, the temperature drops sharply, and cold can cause vasoconstriction in the brain and increase blood viscosity, which is easy to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents such as stroke and heart disease. Jinsong Hu suggested that the elderly should not do morning exercises too early in winter, and should start after 9: 00, first warm up for 15 minutes, and then choose low-intensity exercises such as walking and Tai Ji Chuan as appropriate.
"Wang Hao recovered well, thanks to timely and proper treatment." Jinsong Hu said that a stroke can cause brain nerve cells to die within a few minutes, but nerve cells can’t regenerate. Therefore, the treatment of stroke must race against time to achieve "three early": early identification, early help and early thrombolysis.
To quickly identify stroke, we should keep in mind the "120" formula, that is, look at a face: asymmetric, angular; Check 2 arms: parallel lifting, unilateral weakness; 0 (Listening) Listening to the language: the speech is unclear and difficult to express. If you find any of the above sudden symptoms, you should suspect that it is a stroke at the first time. Don’t wait and see. You should call 120 for help immediately and send it to a medical institution with the ability to treat stroke for standardized treatment. Among them, ischemic stroke should be treated with intravenous thrombolysis as early as possible, and the best time for thrombolysis is within 4.5 hours after onset. Don’t miss this "time window".
The Brain Prevention Committee of the National Health and Wellness Commission has released the "Stroke Emergency Map" APP. Citizens can download the "Stroke Emergency Map" APP or follow the "Stroke Map" of WeChat WeChat official account to learn more about the knowledge of stroke prevention and first aid, and get the specific location and contact information of medical institutions with stroke treatment capabilities around them.
Reminder: Keep in mind "6 points" in preventing stroke.
"The prevention and control experience at home and abroad has confirmed that stroke is preventable and controllable." Jinsong Hu said that the prevention of stroke should take the "four cornerstones of health" as the main means, namely, reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance. Specifically, six points should be kept in mind in daily life:
1. Eat a reasonable diet. Have a light diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, and eat less animal offal. Each person’s daily salt intake should not exceed 5g, limited use of cooking oil, reduced intake of high-oil and high-sugar foods, and adequate drinking water.
2. Exercise according to your ability. Give priority to aerobic endurance sports, such as walking, jogging, swimming, Tai Ji Chuan and other sports. When exercising, you should prevent overwork and overexert.
3. Control your weight. Overweight and obese people should actively lose weight.
4. Overcome bad habits. Quit smoking and limit alcohol, and avoid sedentary and long-term staying up late.
5. Regular physical examination. It is suggested that people over 40 years old should do color Doppler ultrasound of cervical vessels to assess the risk of stroke and find problems for early diagnosis and treatment. Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or valve replacement surgery should be treated with anticoagulation. People with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia should take medicine according to the doctor’s advice and control their blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid at the target level.
6. Pay attention to the weather changes, keep your mood stable and avoid being nervous and tired. The elderly should also avoid changing their body position too quickly and actively prevent constipation to prevent accidents caused by forced defecation.
Jinsong Hu specially reminded that the earlier a healthy lifestyle is established, the better. The pathology of arteriosclerosis often begins in childhood and gets worse with age, which is mainly related to obesity caused by high-oil and high-sugar diet. Hyperlipidemia and obesity are the main causes of arteriosclerosis. Developing good living habits from childhood is extremely beneficial to people’s health all their lives.
Memorizing "8+2" to predict stroke risk
High-risk groups seek medical treatment as soon as possible, and receive regular follow-up and standardized intervention management.
Knowing your own risk of stroke is conducive to attracting attention and early prevention, and reducing the tragedy of death and disability caused by stroke. Jinsong Hu, chief and deputy chief physician of the Department of Chronic Diseases and Mental Health, Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, gave the "8+2" stroke risk assessment method: "8" refers to eight risk factors that may cause stroke according to the Stroke Risk Scorecard; "2" means that high-risk groups have to do two tests.
Beware of 8 risk factors
1. blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg;
2. Arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. 7% ~ 30% of stroke in people over 60 years old is caused by atrial fibrillation;
3. Smoking. Smoking is the main risk factor of stroke. People who smoke 1-20 cigarettes a day are three times more likely to have a stroke than non-smokers. Smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day is five times greater than the risk of stroke in non-smokers;
4. Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C)≥ 240 mg/dl;
5. Diabetes. Diabetes is one of the main risk factors of stroke.
6. Little physical activity. Sitting for a long time will lead to the change of metabolism in human body, affect fat metabolism, increase the content of fat and triglyceride in blood, increase blood viscosity, slow blood flow, easily form thrombus, and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases;
7. Obviously overweight or obese;
8. Have a family history of stroke.
Those who have less than 3 risk factors and have no chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease are low-risk people for stroke; Those who have the following three risk factors, but suffer from one of the three chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease, are assessed as the middle-risk population of stroke; Those who have three or more risk factors, or have transient ischemic attack, or have suffered from stroke in the past are all assessed as high-risk groups of stroke.
Do 2 tests for high-risk groups.
If it is assessed as a high-risk group of stroke, two further tests are needed: blood homocysteine test and carotid ultrasound test.
When homocysteine accumulates in blood in excess of a certain concentration, it will damage vascular endothelial cells, promote the coagulation process and cause thrombosis. For hypertensive patients, the increase of homocysteine is equivalent to "adding fuel to the fire", and the simultaneous existence of the two can increase the risk of stroke by nearly 12 times.
"If the eyes are the windows of the soul, then the carotid artery is a window to the arteries of the whole body." Jinsong Hu explained that if plaque is formed on the carotid artery wall, it will cause vascular stenosis and lead to poor blood circulation. Once the plaque falls off, it will enter the brain with the blood flow and block the cerebral arteries, which will lead to cerebral infarction. In severe cases, it will cause a large area of brain tissue ischemia, leading to aphasia and hemiplegia, and in severe cases, it will cause sudden death.
In addition, people at high risk of stroke should go to the hospital stroke center or neurology department for consultation as soon as possible, and receive regular follow-up and standardized intervention management.