Have you had a physical examination in your city？

　　In daily life, many people will judge whether they are healthy or not through regular physical examination. Do you know that the city will also have a physical examination?

　　Not long ago, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development announced the Notice on Carrying out Urban Physical Examination in 2022, which made it clear that this year, 69 indicators in eight aspects, including ecological livability, health and comfort, safety and resilience, convenient transportation, style and features, neatness and order, pluralism and tolerance, and innovative vitality, will be selected for urban physical examination.

　　Regular physical examination to find out the prominent "diseases" in the city

　　Every weekend, Pei Yiting, a citizen of Taiyuan, Shanxi, will go cycling on the riverside bike path. This greenway along Fenhe River has a wetland like a natural oxygen bar, and waterfowl can fly everywhere. "The greenway is not only convenient for cycling exercise, but also gives us a good place to get close to the water and enjoy the beautiful scenery." She said.

　　This riverside bicycle lane runs through the north-south axis of the city, which is the product of urban physical examination. According to Han Ran, chief of the Urban Development Section of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Taiyuan City, during the "physical examination" in Taiyuan City in 2020, many citizens reported that "Fenhe Park is not hydrophilic enough and lacks special bicycle lanes", which provided decision-making reference for the construction of riverside greenways. In May 2021, the riverside bicycle lane was officially opened. After the completion of the north-south bicycle lane, it formed a complete urban bicycle traffic system with the original East-West Mountain bicycle lane, which greatly facilitated the residents on both sides of the Fenhe River and enhanced the vitality of Fenhe Park.

　　The so-called "urban physical examination" is a basic work to comprehensively evaluate the urban development and construction, formulate targeted countermeasures, optimize urban development goals, fill the shortcomings of urban construction, and solve the "urban disease" problem. "The city is an organic life, and there will be some ‘ Urban disease ’ Therefore, cities also need to have regular physical examinations. At present, the urbanization rate of permanent residents in China has reached 64.72%, and the speed of urban spatial expansion has obviously slowed down. ‘ Urban disease ’ It is urgent to focus on improving the living environment. " Pan Fang, vice president of Tsinghua Tongheng Planning and Design Institute, said.

　　In 2018, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and Beijing took the lead in carrying out urban physical examination; In 2019, the pilot work of urban physical examination was extended to 11 cities including Shenyang, Nanjing and Xiamen; In 2020, the urban physical examination will be further expanded to 36 sample cities; In 2021, the scope of sample cities will be expanded to 59, covering all municipalities directly under the central government, cities with separate plans, provincial capitals and some cities with districts. This year, the physical examination index system of 59 sample cities was adjusted from 65 items in 8 aspects last year to 69 items in 8 aspects, and the contents such as "the proportion of assembled buildings in new buildings" and "the utilization rate of construction waste resources" were added.

　　"Judging from the physical examination and evaluation of sample cities in recent years, China’s urban functions have been continuously improved and the living environment has been improved to some extent, but there are still some outstanding problems and shortcomings." Pan Fang told reporters that these problems include China’s overpopulation and unbalanced functional layout. It is mainly reflected in the overpopulation in the central area, the outstanding urban traffic problems and the uneven layout of medical service facilities. Community infrastructure and public service facilities are insufficient, the coverage of community pension services and inclusive kindergartens is low, the proportion of old communities is high and the infrastructure is aging; The protection of urban history and culture and the shaping of urban characteristics need to be strengthened, and the objects of historical and cultural protection are still incomplete; The refined management level of the city is not high, and the management of the city appearance still needs to be strengthened; Urban safety and resilience are insufficient, the construction of per capita shelter in some cities is insufficient and uneven, and the flood control and drainage systems lack effective connection. "These are all common ones found in urban physical examination ‘ Urban disease ’ 。”

　　Multi-party "consultation" and "self-examination+other investigation" ensure science

　　"Parking is inconvenient, I hope to open more parking spaces";

　　"There are not enough charging piles for electric vehicles, and there are many cases of disorderly pulling lines. Can you find ways to increase charging piles";

　　"It is inconvenient for the elderly to eat, and I hope the community can solve it";

　　… …

　　These are some of the proposals received by residents when Taiyuan conducted a social satisfaction survey last year.

　　Social satisfaction survey is one of the methods of urban physical examination. Through questionnaire survey and field visit, this paper investigates and analyzes the people’s satisfaction with urban construction and development, and finds out the outstanding problems and shortcomings felt by the people. Since it was included in the sample city of urban physical examination in 2020, Taiyuan has issued questionnaires through street communities every year. "Citizens are very active. We basically recycle more than 12,000 questionnaires every year, which is more than three times the prescribed standard." Han Wei said.

　　Compared with people’s usual methods of diagnosis and treatment, social satisfaction survey is similar to "seeing the micro-knowledge" in traditional Chinese medicine, and it is a physical examination method that reflects people’s livelihood problems with a small view. In contrast, the third-party physical examination relying on big data and other technical means is like the "laboratory examination" of western medicine. By collecting relevant index data, it analyzes the construction effectiveness and shortcomings of sample cities, and is more inclined to quantitative investigation.

　　"Third-party physical examination includes indicator data collection, indicator calculation, and evaluation standard construction." Pan Fang told reporters that in the indicator data collection stage, it is necessary to determine the data sources of indicators according to the indicator system, and use technologies such as "web crawler", geographic information system, remote sensing and Internet of Things to obtain data and conduct analysis. At the same time, build a self-collection system of physical examination data, such as collecting and calculating the coverage of facilities such as elderly restaurants and Pratt & Whitney kindergartens with the help of map APP, so as to judge whether the supply of related infrastructure is reasonable.

　　In addition to third-party physical examination and social satisfaction survey, cities can also conduct "self-physical examination", that is, find and find problems by themselves. On the basis of the urban physical examination index system, relevant indicators can be added according to their own characteristics during self-examination.

　　For example, in the previous urban physical examination, Liuzhou, Guangxi, according to its goal of creating a green and low-carbon city and a park city, designed the indicators of "waterfront leisure shoreline ratio" reflecting the characteristics of "park city" and "new energy vehicle charging pile utilization rate" and "roadside new energy parking berth supply rate" reflecting the characteristics of "green and low-carbon city"; According to the relevant requirements of promoting the protection of historical and cultural cities, the indicators of historical construction repair rate, historical building activation utilization rate and opening ratio of cultural relics protection units at or above the municipal level are designed to reflect the protection of historical and cultural cities. "These indicators are in line with the relevant requirements put forward by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and also combined with the reality of Liuzhou. They have a wider dimension and are more representative, which provides a basis for us to promote urban construction according to local conditions." The relevant person in charge of the Liuzhou Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau said.

　　Prescription, classification and classification of the right medicine

　　Diagnosis of "urban diseases" and subsequent "treatment methods" are also crucial.

　　In 2020, Chongqing "diagnosed" seven "urban diseases" in urban physical examination, such as many hidden dangers of public safety, serious urban traffic congestion, great pressure on urban environment improvement, too high and too dense central groups, large old residential areas, poor barrier-free environment in cities and relative lack of cultural and sports facilities for the elderly.

　　After the discovery of the "focus", Chongqing gave full play to the supporting role of urban physical examination in assisting the accurate policy-making of urban work and performed a "major operation" for the city. In 2021, the central city of Chongqing completed the renovation of 200 residential areas with an area of 8.598 million square meters, benefiting 124,000 residents; By the end of 2020, the coverage rate of community old-age service stations has increased by more than 3 percentage points compared with the first round of physical examination, and the 15-minute walking coverage rate of sports facilities has increased by more than 10 percentage points compared with the first round of physical examination; In the fourth quarter of 2021, the average speed of motor vehicles in the downtown area of Chongqing was 23.7 km/h, 1.1 km/h higher than that in the fourth quarter of 2020 … … A few days ago, the Comprehensive Report of Urban Physical Examination in Chongqing in 2021, published by Chongqing Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, showed that seven "urban diseases" detected in Chongqing in 2020 improved steadily, including the renovation of old residential areas, the increase of cultural and sports facilities for the aged, and the operation of urban road traffic, which had obvious improvement effects and were welcomed by the public.

　　"Many ‘ Urban disease ’ It has been formed over the years, and the promotion of its solution mainly depends on the transformation of urban physical examination results. ‘ Take medicine according to the prescription ’ 。” Pan Fang said that urban physical examination usually forms "one list and four lists" (comprehensive diagnosis list of urban physical examination, list of urban development advantages, list of urban development shortcomings, list of urban diseases and list of urban renewal projects). "One table and four orders" comprehensively analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of urban development, providing a basis for government decision-making. "In the specific ‘ Treatment ’ , according to the distribution of the problem, the difficulty of governance and residents’ social satisfaction, to ‘ Urban disease ’ Carry out classification and grading and targeted policies, including establishing relevant projects to solve them, formulating medium-term remediation action plans, and formulating long-term remediation plans and solving them step by step accordingly. "

　　Horizontally, the establishment of national general indicators for urban physical examination can provide a basis for comparison and reference between cities and promote the development pattern of "you chase after me" in various places. Vertically, the results of urban physical examination are the key driving force to urge the city to self-review and progress.

　　At present, China is promoting the establishment of a "one-year physical examination and five-year evaluation" urban physical examination and evaluation system. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development said that more cities will be urged to make good use of the effective means of urban physical examination, pay attention to and solve people’s livelihood problems, and fill the shortcomings of urban construction and development. At the same time, gradually institutionalize the urban physical examination work. By comparing the results of urban physical examination horizontally and vertically, we can find common problems, further sum up local experience, and upgrade it to national policies to comprehensively improve the management level of urban planning and construction.